思路:
在腾讯疫情数据网站F12解析网站结构,使用Python爬取当日疫情数据和历史疫情数据,分别存储到details和history两个mysql表。
①此方法用于爬取每日详细疫情数据
import requests import json import time def get_details(): url = 'https://view.inews.qq.com/g2/getOnsInfo?name=disease_h5&callback=jQuery34102848205531413024_1584924641755&_=1584924641756' headers ={ 'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.25 Safari/537.36 Core/1.70.3741.400 QQBrowser/10.5.3863.400' } res = requests.get(url,headers=headers) #输出全部信息 # print(res.text) response_data = json.loads(res.text.replace('jQuery34102848205531413024_1584924641755(','')[:-1]) #输出这个字典的键值 dict_keys(['ret', 'data'])ret是响应值,0代表请求成功,data里是我们需要的数据 # print(response_data.keys()) """上面已经转化过一次字典,然后获取里面的data,因为data是字符串,所以需要再次转化字典 print(json.loads(reponse_data['data']).keys()) 结果: dict_keys(['lastUpdateTime', 'chinaTotal', 'chinaAdd', 'isShowAdd', 'showAddSwitch', 'areaTree', 'chinaDayList', 'chinaDayAddList', 'dailyNewAddHistory', 'dailyHistory', 'wuhanDayList', 'articleList']) lastUpdateTime是最新更新时间,chinaTotal是全国疫情总数,chinaAdd是全国新增数据, isShowAdd代表是否展示新增数据,showAddSwitch是显示哪些数据,areaTree中有全国疫情数据 """ areaTree_data = json.loads(response_data['data'])['areaTree'] temp=json.loads(response_data['data']) # print(temp.keys()) # print(areaTree_data[0].keys()) """ 获取上一级字典里的areaTree 然后查看里面中国键值 print(areaTree_data[0].keys()) dict_keys(['name', 'today', 'total', 'children']) name代表国家名称,today代表今日数据,total代表总数,children里有全国各地数据,我们需要获取全国各地数据,查看children数据 print(areaTree_data[0]['children']) 这里面是 name是地区名称,today是今日数据,total是总数,children是市级数据, 我们通过这个接口可以获取每个地区的总数据。我们遍历这个列表,取出name,这个是省级的数据,还需要获取市级数据, 需要取出name,children(市级数据)下的name、total(历史总数)下的confirm、heal、dead,today(今日数据)下的confirm(增加数), 这些就是我们需要的数据 """ # print(areaTree_data[0]['children']) # for province_data in areaTree_data[0]['children']: # print(province_data) ds= temp['lastUpdateTime'] details=[] for pro_infos in areaTree_data[0]['children']: province_name = pro_infos['name'] # 省名 for city_infos in pro_infos['children']: city_name = city_infos['name'] # 市名 confirm = city_infos['total']['confirm']#历史总数 confirm_add = city_infos['today']['confirm']#今日增加数 heal = city_infos['total']['heal']#治愈 dead = city_infos['total']['dead']#死亡 # print(ds,province_name,city_name,confirm,confirm_add,heal,dead) details.append([ds,province_name,city_name,confirm,confirm_add,heal,dead]) return details
单独测试方法:
# d=get_details() # print(d)
②此方法用于爬取历史详细数据
import requests import json import time def get_history(): url = 'https://view.inews.qq.com/g2/getOnsInfo?name=disease_other&callback=jQuery341026745307075030955_1584946267054&_=1584946267055' headers ={ 'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.25 Safari/537.36 Core/1.70.3741.400 QQBrowser/10.5.3863.400' } res = requests.get(url,headers=headers) # print(res.text) response_data = json.loads(res.text.replace('jQuery341026745307075030955_1584946267054(','')[:-1]) # print(response_data) data = json.loads(response_data['data']) # print(data.keys()) chinaDayList = data['chinaDayList']#历史记录 chinaDayAddList = data['chinaDayAddList']#历史新增记录 history = {} for i in chinaDayList: ds = '2021.' + i['date']#时间 tup = time.strptime(ds,'%Y.%m.%d') ds = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d',tup)#改变时间格式,插入数据库 confirm = i['confirm'] suspect = i['suspect'] heal = i['heal'] dead = i['dead'] history[ds] = {'confirm':confirm,'suspect':suspect,'heal':heal,'dead':dead} for i in chinaDayAddList: ds = '2021.' + i['date']#时间 tup = time.strptime(ds,'%Y.%m.%d') ds = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d',tup)#改变时间格式,插入数据库 confirm_add = i['confirm'] suspect_add = i['suspect'] heal_add = i['heal'] dead_add = i['dead'] history[ds].update({'confirm_add':confirm_add,'suspect_add':suspect_add,'heal_add':heal_add,'dead_add':dead_add}) return history
单独测试此方法:
# h=get_history() # print(h)
③此方法用于数据库的连接与关闭:
import time import pymysql import traceback def get_conn(): """ :return: 连接,游标 """ # 创建连接 conn = pymysql.connect(host="127.0.0.1", user="root", password="000429", db="mydb", charset="utf8") # 创建游标 cursor = conn.cursor() # 执行完毕返回的结果集默认以元组显示 return conn, cursor def close_conn(conn, cursor): if cursor: cursor.close() if conn: conn.close()
④此方法用于更新并插入每日详细数据到数据库表:
def update_details(): """ 更新 details 表 :return: """ cursor = None conn = None try: li = get_details() conn, cursor = get_conn() sql = "insert into details(update_time,province,city,confirm,confirm_add,heal,dead) values(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)" sql_query = 'select %s=(select update_time from details order by id desc limit 1)' #对比当前最大时间戳 cursor.execute(sql_query,li[0][0]) if not cursor.fetchone()[0]: print(f"{time.asctime()}开始更新最新数据") for item in li: cursor.execute(sql, item) conn.commit() # 提交事务 update delete insert操作 print(f"{time.asctime()}更新最新数据完毕") else: print(f"{time.asctime()}已是最新数据!") except: traceback.print_exc() finally: close_conn(conn, cursor)
单独测试能否插入数据到details表:
update_details()
⑤此方法用于插入历史数据到history表
def insert_history(): """ 插入历史数据 :return: """ cursor = None conn = None try: dic = get_history() print(f"{time.asctime()}开始插入历史数据") conn, cursor = get_conn() sql = "insert into history values(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)" for k, v in dic.items(): # item 格式 {'2021-01-13': {'confirm': 41, 'suspect': 0, 'heal': 0, 'dead': 1} cursor.execute(sql, [k, v.get("confirm"), v.get("confirm_add"), v.get("suspect"), v.get("suspect_add"), v.get("heal"), v.get("heal_add"), v.get("dead"), v.get("dead_add")]) conn.commit() # 提交事务 update delete insert操作 print(f"{time.asctime()}插入历史数据完毕") except: traceback.print_exc() finally: close_conn(conn, cursor)
单独测试能否插入数据到history表:
# insert_history()
⑥此方法用于根据时间来更新历史数据表的内容:
def update_history(): """ 更新历史数据 :return: """ cursor = None conn = None try: dic = get_history() print(f"{time.asctime()}开始更新历史数据") conn, cursor = get_conn() sql = "insert into history values(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)" sql_query = "select confirm from history where ds=%s" for k, v in dic.items(): # item 格式 {'2020-01-13': {'confirm': 41, 'suspect': 0, 'heal': 0, 'dead': 1} if not cursor.execute(sql_query, k): cursor.execute(sql, [k, v.get("confirm"), v.get("confirm_add"), v.get("suspect"), v.get("suspect_add"), v.get("heal"), v.get("heal_add"), v.get("dead"), v.get("dead_add")]) conn.commit() # 提交事务 update delete insert操作 print(f"{time.asctime()}历史数据更新完毕") except: traceback.print_exc() finally: close_conn(conn, cursor)
单独测试更新历史数据表的方法:
# update_history()
最后是两个数据表的详细建立代码(也可以使用mysql可视化工具直接建立):
create table history( ds datetime not null comment '日期', confirm int(11) default null comment '累计确诊', confirm_add int(11) default null comment '当日新增确诊', suspect int(11) default null comment '剩余疑似', suspect_add int(11) default null comment '当日新增疑似', heal int(11) default null comment '累计治愈', heal_add int(11) default null comment '当日新增治愈', dead int(11) default null comment '累计死亡', dead_add int(11) default null comment '当日新增死亡', primary key(ds) using btree )engine=InnoDB DEFAULT charset=utf8mb4; create table details( id int(11) not null auto_increment, update_time datetime default null comment '数据最后更新时间', province varchar(50) default null comment '省', city varchar(50) default null comment '市', confirm int(11) default null comment '累计确诊', confirm_add int(11) default null comment '新增确诊', heal int(11) default null comment '累计治愈', dead int(11) default null comment '累计死亡', primary key(id) )engine=InnoDB default charset=utf8mb4;
Tomorrowthe birds will singing.
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