思路
复原魔方困难问题的分解：
1、用合适的数据结构表示出三阶魔方的六个面以及每一面的颜色
2、每一次不同旋转操作的实现
3、复原时如何判断当前魔方应该使用哪一种公式
本次实验实现了前两个操作，具体思路是：
用numpy库中的矩阵将六个面分别表示出来，按上下左右前后的顺序放入列表中。再依据流行公式里的方法编写对每一个面进行旋转操作的函数，调用函数实现魔方的旋转。最后输入指令可得到旋转之后的魔方，以及执行逆序指令后验证魔方还原。
预备知识
矩阵：使用numpy库中的矩阵结构
函数说明：
U: 上面顺时针旋转 90°
D: 底面顺时针旋转 90°
L: 左面顺时针旋转 90°
R: 右面顺时针旋转 90°
F: 正面顺时针旋转 90°
B: 背面顺时针旋转 90°
**注：**字母前加上下划线 ‘_' 表示逆时针
代码详解
本次实验将【上、下、左、右、前、后】六个面用数字【0、1、2、3、4、5】表示原本每个面的颜色，并依次存入列表faces【】里（即：faces[0]中存放的是最上面的数字全为0的三阶矩阵）
注：魔方视角始终固定，即在整个过程中正（左…）面始终是正（左…）面
# 创建六个面，放在faces列表里，顺序为上（0），下（1），左（2），右（3），前（4），后（5）
faces = [np.zeros((3, 3))]
for i in range(1, 6):
faces.append(np.ones((3, 3)) + faces[i - 1])
每一个面的 顺时针 和 逆时针 旋转由函数 clockwise() 和 antiClockwise() 实现
t = np.array([[0, 0, 1],
[0, 1, 0],
[1, 0, 0]])
# 该面顺时针旋转 90 度
def clockwise(face):
face = face.transpose().dot(t)
return face
# 该面逆时针旋转 90 度
def antiClockwise(face):
face = face.dot(t).transpose()
return face
A.transpose() 方法是实现 A 矩阵的转置
A.dot(B) 方法是实现 A乘以矩阵B
通过计算，上述方法可以实现矩阵顺时针或者逆时针旋转的效果
在这里以左面的顺时针旋转 90°为例，其它旋转方式可以类比
def L(FACES):
FACES[2] = clockwise(FACES[2])
FACES_new = cp.deepcopy(FACES)
a, b, c, d = clockwise(FACES_new[4]), clockwise(FACES_new[1]), antiClockwise(FACES_new[5]), clockwise(FACES_new[0])
e, f, g, h = cp.deepcopy(a), cp.deepcopy(b), cp.deepcopy(c), cp.deepcopy(d)
e[0], f[0], g[0], h[0] = d[0], a[0], b[0], c[0]
FACES[4], FACES[1], FACES[5], FACES[0] = antiClockwise(e), antiClockwise(f), clockwise(g), antiClockwise(h)
1、直接调用函数将左面（第2面）顺时针旋转 90°
FACES[2] = clockwise(FACES[2])
2、这里采用深度复制，使用 cp.deepcopy() 的方法，避免直接使用等号 ‘=' 导致不同的变量指向同一个值。这时，【e、f、g、h】和【a、b、c、d】代表魔方的
【正面、底面顺时针旋转90°、背面逆时针旋转90°、上面顺时针旋转90°】
a, b, c, d = clockwise(FACES_new[4]), clockwise(FACES_new[1]), antiClockwise(FACES_new[5]), clockwise(FACES_new[0])
旋转的目的是：
在左面旋转的过程中，左面会影响到其它四个面，但对其它四个面的影响是不同的。例如正面、底面和上面被影响的是第一列，而背面被影响的是第三列。我们为了使各面统一起来，方便数值的改变，我们选择将正、底、上面顺时针旋转90°，将背面逆时针旋转90°。这时，我们只需按顺序交换每一面的第一行，最后再逆时针或顺时针转回来即可。
3、按顺序交换：正面第一行传递到底面第一行
上面第一行传递到正面第一行
背面第一行传递到上面第一行
底面第一行传递到背面第一行
e[0], f[0], g[0], h[0] = d[0], a[0], b[0], c[0]
最后再依次根据上述操作逆旋转回去：
FACES[4], FACES[1], FACES[5], FACES[0] = antiClockwise(e), antiClockwise(f), clockwise(g), antiClockwise(h)
代码
import numpy as np
import copy as cp
# 创建六个面，放在faces列表里，顺序为上（0），下（1），左（2），右（3），前（4），后（5）
faces = [np.zeros((3, 3))]
for i in range(1, 6):
faces.append(np.ones((3, 3)) + faces[i - 1])
t = np.array([[0, 0, 1],
[0, 1, 0],
[1, 0, 0]])
# 该面顺时针旋转 90 度
def clockwise(face):
face = face.transpose().dot(t)
return face
# 该面逆时针旋转 90 度
def antiClockwise(face):
face = face.dot(t).transpose()
return face
def U(FACES):
FACES[0] = clockwise(FACES[0])
FACES_new = cp.deepcopy(FACES)
a, b, c, d = FACES_new[4], FACES_new[2], FACES_new[5], FACES_new[3]
FACES[4][0], FACES[2][0], FACES[5][0], FACES[3][0] = d[0], a[0], b[0], c[0]
def _U(FACES):
FACES[0] = antiClockwise(FACES[0])
FACES_new = cp.deepcopy(FACES)
a, b, c, d = FACES_new[4], FACES_new[2], FACES_new[5], FACES_new[3]
FACES[4][0], FACES[2][0], FACES[5][0], FACES[3][0] = b[0], c[0], d[0], a[0]
def U2(FACES):
for i in range(2):
U(FACES)
'''
FACES[0] = clockwise(clockwise(FACES[0]))
FACES_new = cp.deepcopy(FACES)
a, b, c, d = FACES_new[4], FACES_new[2], FACES_new[5], FACES_new[3]
FACES[4][0], FACES[2][0], FACES[5][0], FACES[3][0] = c[0], d[0], a[0], b[0]
'''
def D(FACES):
FACES[1] = clockwise(FACES[1])
FACES_new = cp.deepcopy(FACES)
a, b, c, d = FACES_new[4], FACES_new[2], FACES_new[5], FACES_new[3]
FACES[4][2], FACES[2][2], FACES[5][2], FACES[3][2] = b[2], c[2], d[2], a[2]
def _D(FACES):
FACES[1] = antiClockwise(FACES[1])
FACES_new = cp.deepcopy(FACES)
a, b, c, d = FACES_new[4], FACES_new[2], FACES_new[5], FACES_new[3]
FACES[4][2], FACES[2][2], FACES[5][2], FACES[3][2] = d[2], a[2], b[2], c[2]
def D2(FACES):
for i in range(2):
D(FACES)
'''
FACES[1] = clockwise(clockwise(FACES[1]))
FACES_new = cp.deepcopy(FACES)
a, b, c, d = FACES_new[4], FACES_new[2], FACES_new[5], FACES_new[3]
FACES[4][2], FACES[2][2], FACES[5][2], FACES[3][2] = c[2], d[2], a[2], b[2]
'''
def L(FACES):
FACES[2] = clockwise(FACES[2])
FACES_new = cp.deepcopy(FACES)
a, b, c, d = clockwise(FACES_new[4]), clockwise(FACES_new[1]), antiClockwise(FACES_new[5]), clockwise(FACES_new[0])
e, f, g, h = cp.deepcopy(a), cp.deepcopy(b), cp.deepcopy(c), cp.deepcopy(d)
e[0], f[0], g[0], h[0] = d[0], a[0], b[0], c[0]
FACES[4], FACES[1], FACES[5], FACES[0] = antiClockwise(e), antiClockwise(f), clockwise(g), antiClockwise(h)
def _L(FACES):
FACES[2] = antiClockwise(FACES[2])
FACES_new = cp.deepcopy(FACES)
a, b, c, d = clockwise(FACES_new[4]), clockwise(FACES_new[1]), antiClockwise(FACES_new[5]), clockwise(FACES_new[0])
e, f, g, h = cp.deepcopy(a), cp.deepcopy(b), cp.deepcopy(c), cp.deepcopy(d)
e[0], f[0], g[0], h[0] = b[0], c[0], d[0], a[0]
FACES[4], FACES[1], FACES[5], FACES[0] = antiClockwise(e), antiClockwise(f), clockwise(g), antiClockwise(h)
def L2(FACES):
for i in range(2):
L(FACES)
# 上（0），下（1），左（2），右（3），前（4），后（5）
def R(FACES):
FACES[3] = clockwise(FACES[3])
FACES_new = cp.deepcopy(FACES)
a, b, c, d = antiClockwise(FACES_new[4]), antiClockwise(FACES_new[1]), clockwise(FACES_new[5]), antiClockwise(
FACES_new[0])
e, f, g, h = cp.deepcopy(a), cp.deepcopy(b), cp.deepcopy(c), cp.deepcopy(d)
g[0], f[0], e[0], h[0] = d[0], c[0], b[0], a[0]
FACES[4], FACES[1], FACES[5], FACES[0] = clockwise(e), clockwise(f), antiClockwise(g), clockwise(h)
def _R(FACES):
FACES[3] = antiClockwise(FACES[3])
FACES_new = cp.deepcopy(FACES)
a, b, c, d = antiClockwise(FACES_new[4]), antiClockwise(FACES_new[1]), clockwise(FACES_new[5]), antiClockwise(
FACES_new[0])
e, f, g, h = cp.deepcopy(a), cp.deepcopy(b), cp.deepcopy(c), cp.deepcopy(d)
f[0], g[0], h[0], e[0] = a[0], b[0], c[0], d[0]
FACES[4], FACES[1], FACES[5], FACES[0] = clockwise(e), clockwise(f), antiClockwise(g), clockwise(h)
def R2(FACES):
for i in range(2):
R(FACES)
def F(FACES):
FACES[4] = clockwise(FACES[4])
FACES_new = cp.deepcopy(FACES)
a, b, c, d = clockwise(clockwise(FACES_new[0])), FACES_new[1], antiClockwise(FACES_new[2]), clockwise(FACES_new[3])
e, f, g, h = cp.deepcopy(a), cp.deepcopy(b), cp.deepcopy(c), cp.deepcopy(d)
e[0], g[0], f[0], h[0] = c[0], b[0], d[0], a[0]
FACES[0], FACES[1], FACES[2], FACES[3] = clockwise(clockwise(e)), f, clockwise(g), antiClockwise(h)
def _F(FACES):
FACES[4] = antiClockwise(FACES[4])
FACES_new = cp.deepcopy(FACES)
a, b, c, d = clockwise(clockwise(FACES_new[0])), FACES_new[1], antiClockwise(FACES_new[2]), clockwise(FACES_new[3])
e, f, g, h = cp.deepcopy(a), cp.deepcopy(b), cp.deepcopy(c), cp.deepcopy(d)
g[0], f[0], h[0], e[0] = a[0], c[0], b[0], d[0]
FACES[0], FACES[1], FACES[2], FACES[3] = clockwise(clockwise(e)), f, clockwise(g), antiClockwise(h)
def F2(FACES):
for _ in range(2):
F(FACES)
# 上（0），下（1），左（2），右（3），前（4），后（5）
def B(FACES):
FACES[5] = clockwise(FACES[5])
FACES_new = cp.deepcopy(FACES)
a, b, c, d = FACES_new[0], clockwise(clockwise(FACES_new[1])), clockwise(FACES_new[2]), antiClockwise(FACES_new[3])
e, f, g, h = cp.deepcopy(a), cp.deepcopy(b), cp.deepcopy(c), cp.deepcopy(d)
g[0], f[0], h[0], e[0] = a[0], c[0], b[0], d[0]
FACES[0], FACES[1], FACES[2], FACES[3] = e, clockwise(clockwise(f)), antiClockwise(g), clockwise(h)
def _B(FACES):
FACES[5] = antiClockwise(FACES[5])
FACES_new = cp.deepcopy(FACES)
a, b, c, d = FACES_new[0], clockwise(clockwise(FACES_new[1])), clockwise(FACES_new[2]), antiClockwise(FACES_new[3])
e, f, g, h = cp.deepcopy(a), cp.deepcopy(b), cp.deepcopy(c), cp.deepcopy(d)
e[0], g[0], f[0], h[0] = c[0], b[0], d[0], a[0]
FACES[0], FACES[1], FACES[2], FACES[3] = e, clockwise(clockwise(f)), antiClockwise(g), clockwise(h)
def B2(FACES):
for i in range(2):
B(FACES)
'''
|************|
|*U1**U2**U3*|
|************|
|*U4**U5**U6*|
|************|
|*U7**U8**U9*|
|************|
************|************|************|************|
*L1**L2**L3*|*F1**F2**F3*|*R1**R2**R3*|*B1**B2**B3*|
************|************|************|************|
*L4**L5**L6*|*F4**F5**F6*|*R4**R5**R6*|*B4**B5**B6*|
************|************|************|************|
*L7**L8**L9*|*F7**F8**F9*|*R7**R8**R9*|*B7**B8**B9*|
************|************|************|************|
|************|
|*D1**D2**D3*|
|************|
|*D4**D5**D6*|
|************|
|*D7**D8**D9*|
|************|
'''
def toString(FACES):
print()
for i in range(3):
print(" ", int(FACES[0][i][0]), int(FACES[0][i][1]), int(FACES[0][i][2]))
for i in range(3):
print(int(FACES[2][i][0]), int(FACES[2][i][1]), int(FACES[2][i][2]), end=" ")
print(int(FACES[4][i][0]), int(FACES[4][i][1]), int(FACES[4][i][2]), end=" ")
print(int(FACES[3][i][0]), int(FACES[3][i][1]), int(FACES[3][i][2]), end=" ")
print(int(FACES[5][i][0]), int(FACES[5][i][1]), int(FACES[5][i][2]))
for i in range(3):
print(" ", int(FACES[1][i][0]), int(FACES[1][i][1]), int(FACES[1][i][2]))
print()
def moves(FACES, lst):
for x in lst:
if x == 'U':
U(faces)
elif x == 'u':
_U(faces)
elif x == 'D':
D(faces)
elif x == 'd':
_D(faces)
elif x == 'L':
L(faces)
elif x == 'l':
_L(faces)
elif x == 'R':
R(faces)
elif x == 'r':
_R(faces)
elif x == 'F':
F(faces)
elif x == 'f':
_F(faces)
elif x == 'B':
B(faces)
elif x == 'b':
_B(faces)
lst = input("请输入步骤:")
moves(faces, lst)
print("执行后的魔方为")
toString(faces)
reverse = ''.join(map(chr, map(lambda x: ord(x) ^ 32, lst)))[::-1]
moves(faces, reverse)
print("魔方恢复步骤：", reverse)
toString(faces)
示例
请输入步骤:UBLDFRULFDRULBGBVFDRLLBFLLDSSDBVDJFRUDLRFBDLFBbdj
执行后的魔方为
2 5 3
5 0 2
5 0 5
5 2 3 1 2 1 2 4 0 4 0 0
1 2 3 1 4 5 1 3 1 4 5 2
2 5 2 4 4 3 1 0 5 3 4 4
1 0 4
3 1 3
0 3 0
魔方恢复步骤： JDBbfldbfrldurfjdvbdssdllfbllrdfvbgblurdflurfdlbu
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
2 2 2 4 4 4 3 3 3 5 5 5
2 2 2 4 4 4 3 3 3 5 5 5
2 2 2 4 4 4 3 3 3 5 5 5
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
Process finished with exit code 0
注：大写为顺时针，小写为逆时针
到此这篇关于python实现三阶魔方还原的示例代码的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关python 三阶魔方还原内容请搜索以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持！
